Почему это важно
Радиофармпрепараты revolutionize cancer diagnosis and therapy by delivering diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclides to disease sites with molecular precision. Over the past five years, clinical adoption has accelerated, led by U.S. Food and Drug Administration approvals of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE and 177Lu-PSMA-617 and their complementary Positron Emission Tomography agents (68Ga-DOTA-TATE, 68Ga-PSMA-11).
Что показало исследование
The new generation of agents couples optimized radionuclides (β-, α, and Auger emitters) to antibodies, peptides, and small-molecule vectors that improve tumor uptake, residence time, and clearance profiles, thereby enhancing efficacy and safety. Beyond neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer, radiotheranostic strategies are advancing for diverse malignancies by exploiting tumor-specific antigens, overexpressed receptors, and intracellular targets.
Как это было устроено
Notably, α-emitters such as 225Ac and 211At-owing to high linear energy transfer and short path length-show potent cytotoxicity with limited off-target injury, while emerging β/Auger emitters like 161Tb may surpass 177Lu in microdosimetric effectiveness. Concurrent innovations in patient selection and response prediction leverage diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals for image-guided stratification, individualized dosimetry, and adaptive treatment planning, supporting the broader paradigm of precision medicine.
Что это меняет на практике
Although oncology remains the primary focus, applications are expanding to neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory conditions. This review synthesizes technological and clinical progress from 2021-2025, spanning FDA-approved and late-stage investigational agents; mechanisms of radiopharmaceutical-induced cell death; dosimetry methodologies; trial landscapes for expanding indications; and translational challenges, including supply chains, chelation chemistry, and toxicity management.